They are written by uk doctors and based on research evidence, uk and. Although the geriatric depression scale can be selfadministered, it is recommended that a health care provider help patients with potential cognitive impairment to complete the scale. Introduction the 30item geriatric depression scale gds30 and the shorter gds15, gds5 and gds4 are recommended as depression screening tools for elderly individuals. Have you dropped many of your activities and interests. It has been designed for the assessment of depressive symptomatology in elderly people and excludes any questions relating to the physical symptoms of depression. In the geriatric depression scale, questions are answered yes or no. The survey may be administered in two formats, either self administered or administered by a physician to a patient. Give an example of factors that should be included in assessment. Comprehensive geriatric assessment toolkit for primary.
The geriatric depression scale gds choose the best answer for how you felt this past week circle one 1. Geriatric depression scale short form geriatric assessment tool kit. Depression diagnosis was established according to dsmiv criteria following a structured psychiatric interview. Survey of depression reporting in older adults admitted to acute. Diagnostic accuracy of the geriatric depression scale30. Rating scales in old age psychiatry the british journal. The geriatric depression scale gds is a brief, convenient, and effective 30. The randomly selected elderly above the age of 60 years attending the clinic and willing to participate in study were administered the questionnaire of geriatric depression scale gds, scores were given, based on which the subjects were categorized as mild, moderate and severe. But the factor structure of the chinese version gds15 remains unclear. Professional reference articles are designed for health professionals to use.
Depression and antidepressant prescribing in the elderly. Geriatric depression scale gds short form choose the best answer for how you have felt over the past week. The original geriatric depression scale gds was a 30item questionnaire timeconsuming and challenging for some patients and staff. Introduction the 30item geriatric depression scale gds30 and the shorter. The geriatric depression scale and helping the elderly with. The gds is a screening device and should not be used as a diagnostic tool. Postintervention assessment according to the geriatric depression scale gds, cts depressive symptoms decreased from 8 to 6 although still indicating likelihood of depression. Mar 25, 2020 is the geriatric depression scale a reliable screening tool. Rating scales may be useful in determining severity and the nice guidance on depression in adults recommends their use. Other tools to consider, especially in persons who lack insight e. Included under terms of uk noncommercial government license. Collaborative approaches to treatment depression among. It was designed specifically for the aged, as a screening instrument for depression.
The brazilian version of the gds15 is a valid tool for the detection of a major depressive episode in older adults 29 and exhibited good level of agreement in testretest conditions. Short form choose the best answer for how you have felt over the past week. Collaborative approaches to treatment depression among older. This scale was developed as a basic screening measure for depression in older adults. The 4 item geriatric depression scale is suitable as a screening test for depressive symptoms in the elderly. According to the geriatric depression scale gds, ct received a score of 8 out of a possible 15 points indicating likelihood of depression. Depression is underrecognized in older adults, especially those with chronic conditions such as heart disease and arthritis. Alpha house, university of southampton science park, southampton so16 7ns, uk. Geriatric depression scale short form 1 tools may be copied without permission instructions.
Jerome a yesavage geriatric depression scale psychopharmacology bulletin 1988 24. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the gds15. A further barrier to providing excellent care in relation to depression is that the scale of depression among older adults in care homes is probably not adequately recognised. Prisma 7 questionnaire timed up and go test the groningen frailty indicator questionnaire edmonton frail scale. It has been designed for the assessment of depressive symptomatology in elderly people and excludes any questions relating to the physical symptoms of depression common in old age. The scores range from 0 to 15 points, with a higher score indicating a more depressive state. Do you think that most people are better off than you are. Sep 03, 2019 trained nurses field interviewers administered structured questionnaires that included a validated nepali version of the geriatric depression scale short form gds15 for identifying geriatric depression among the elderly. Comprehensive geriatric assessment comprises interdisciplinary and interagency working which places the patient and their supporters at the heart of care. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the geriatric depression scale table 3 sensitivity, speci. Prevalence of geriatric depression in the kavre district. Geriatric depression scale gds american psychological. What is the geriatric depression scale and why is it.
Existing metaanalyses on the diagnostic accuracy of the gds have not been able to conduct subgroup analyses, have included patients already identified as depressed who would not be screened in practice and have not. Left untreated, depression may progress and have dramatic effects on overall health. Cornell scale for depression in dementia ratings should be based on symptoms and signs occurring during the week before interview. Circle the answer that best describes how you felt over the past. Keren nicola davies, wendy katherine burn, fiona ross mckenzie, judith ann brothwell, john philip wattis, evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale as a screening instrument in geriatric medical inpatients, international journal of geriatric psychiatry, 10. The geriatric depression scale and helping the elderly. We evaluated 457 communitydwelling elderly subjects, aged. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale. Name age sex date cornell scale for depression in dementia.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment and the interprofessional. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Later versions retain only the most discriminating questions. Geriatric depression scale principles and practice of. In the first phase, 86 geriatric male veterans were administered the long form of the gds at intake. Choose the best answer for how you felt over the past week.
Yesavage and colleagues, the geriatric depression scale is an assessment tool used to help identify depression in the elderly. Psychometric properties of eurod, a geriatric depression. Doctors and nurses observations on the geriatric depression. The gds is widely used throughout the world and in brazil for tracing depressive symptoms, and is well accepted in clinical practice and research. Circle the answer that best describes how you felt over the past week. Using scores from the 30item geriatric depression scale gds, yesavage, 1988, the purpose of the present. The geriatric depression scale gds is a selfreport measure of depression in older adults. A comparison of geriatric depression scale scores in older.
Geriatric depression scale elderly patients a 30 question survey desib1ed to rate depression in elderly the easy to administer and is used primarily as a screening instrument in evaluating an elderly patient. A further barrier to providing excellent care in relation to depression is that the scale of depression among older adults in. Though it is an easy assessment to administer and it requires little training it can even be selfadministered. Depression symptom scales have been widely used in population surveys to quantify depression burden as a continuum, or to screen for depression of clinical significance in the first phase of a two phase survey design 1015. The gds15 seems to have an overall usefulness to assess depressive symptoms among very old people with an mmse score of. Hours continuing education the geriatric depression scale.
We will consider this page to be under continuous development and try to keep translations of the scale available. The geriatric depression scale was felt to be too depressing for routine use and a barrier to rapport with the. Campbell ke1, dennerstein l1, tacey m2, fujise n3, ikeda m3, szoeke c4. Short form is a 15question screening tool for depression in older adults that takes five to. No score should be given if symptoms result from physical disability or illness. The long form and the short form of the geriatric depression scale gds were compared in a va nursing home population.
Accuracy of the 15item geriatric depression scale gds15. The geriatric depression scale is found to have 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity when evaluated against diagnostic criteria. Pdf usefulness of the geriatric depression scale 15item version. However, only the geriatric depression scale 10,11 and the eurod 12 were developed specifically. The long form was rescored on the short form and a scatterplot was constructed. The gds short form 15 questions has been derived from the 30 question version. Total score greater than five indicates probably depression. Geriatric depression scale short form patients name. It might be useful for persons across the adult lifespan, but more. Among them, the geriatric depression scale gds, developed by yesavage and brink 1983, is used extensively.
Loneliness, which can be measured using the ucla loneliness scale, is not equal to depression but is related to it. Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. The gds is a selfreport depression screening tool consisting of 15 yes or no questions clinical quality measures, 2014. Depression is common in late life, affecting nearly 5 million of the 31 million americans aged 65 and older with clinically significant. The 15item geriatric depression scale gds15 is widely used to screen depression among elders. Greenberg, phd, rn, gnpbc, hartford institute for geriatric nursing, new york university rory meyers college of nursing why. Those with score 5 were considered as suggestive of depression and some factors studied were analysed to find out their association with depression. Scoring system a unable to evaluate 0 absent 1 mild to intermittent 2 severe a. Where a score of more than five is indicated, a more. Each of the 30 questions has a yesno answer, with the scoring dependent on the answer given. Knowing the risk factors for depression in this population and using the geriatric depression scale can be useful tools to screen for depression among these patients3,9. Return to the acrc page or the acrc directors home page. Geriatric depression scale gds4 the 4 item geriatric depression scale is easy and quick to perform with a high sensitivity and specificity.
If depression is indicated then use the gds15 scale. The geriatric depression scale and the timed up and go test. Scoring and algorithm for geriatric depression scale 15 pdf download pdf. This is suitable as a screening test for depression symptoms in the elderly. Use of comprehensive geriatric assessment and multidisciplinary working. Screening for depression in primary care doctor patient. List signs and symptoms of depression in the elderly. The geriatric depression scale gds, is used as a screening tool in older adults. Scoring and algorithm for geriatric depression scale15. It contains 30 forcedchoice yes or no questions, a format that is helpful for individuals with cognitive dysfunction. A comparison of geriatric depression scale scores in older australian and japanese women.
Mar 11, 2018 the geriatric depression scale was developed by yesavage, brink, rose, lum, huang, adey, and leirer 1982. Center for epidemiological studies depression scale cesd center for epidemiological studies depression scale cesd study identification tool comparator population results consultation blank et al. The geriatric depression scale gds is a selfreport scale designed to be simple to administer and not to require the skills of a trained interviewer reference yesavage, brink and rose yesavage et al, 1983. Diagnostic accuracy of the geriatric depression scale30, geriatric. The geriatric depression scale gds is a 30item selfreport assessment used to identify depression in the elderly. Research has shown that both the long form and the short form provide accurate measures of depression in elderly populations. Gds4 is of limited clinical value in monitoring the severity of the depressive episode but more useful in excluding depression. The validity and reliability of the tool has been supported through both clinical practice and research 11. The geriatric depression scale gds is specifically designed to screen and measure depression in older adults. The geriatric depression scale, short form gds15 is a widelyused depression rating scale for elderly adults. Scoring and algorithm for geriatric depression scale 15 exercise for depression in care home residents. This is ideal for evaluating the clinical severity of depression.
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